Introduction to the Mongolian Naadam Festival
The Mongolian Naadam Festival stands out as a unique celebration, unparalleled in its blend of cultural richness and historical significance. This festival is not just a display of nomadic culture; it's a revered celebration of Mongolia's national independence, showcasing an exquisite fusion of arts and sports.
Historical Significance of Naadam
Tracing its roots back to the era of the Hunnic Empire and Great Mongolia, the Naadam Festival originally served as a competition among military personnel. The festival's traditional sports - horse racing, wrestling, and archery - are mentioned in the 13th-century historical document, "The Secret History of the Mongols." Modern celebrations of Naadam began post the 1921 Revolution, marking Mongolia's independence from China, symbolizing the achievements of the new state.
Celebrations in Ulaanbaatar
The National Naadam Festival is primarily held in Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, during the National Holiday from July 11th to 14th. The festivities take place in the Mongolian National Sports Stadium, kicking off with a grand opening ceremony. This ceremony is a spectacle of beauty and cultural pride, featuring dancers, athletes, horse riders, and musicians.
Diverse Competitions and Activities
At the heart of Naadam are the traditional competitions: horse racing, wrestling with 512 to 1024 participants, and archery. However, the festival also includes unique games like ankle bone shooting and offers a taste of Mongolian culture with traditional fast food and beverages.
Naadam's Cultural Impact
The Naadam Festival is a testament to the Mongolian nomadic spirit, celebrated during the most pleasant season in the country. It's a time when people embrace the joy of the outdoors, traveling to the countryside, camping, and gathering with their closest communities. This festival is not just a series of events; it's a vibrant expression of Mongolian heritage and communal joy.
THE PROGRAM THAT WE OFFER YOU!
07:00- 8:00 We will pick you from your Hotel.
08:00-09:00 Having breakfast in the restaurant
9:00 We will drive to Chinggis Square. There we will see the ceremony of placing The National Nine White Banner in the Central Mongolian Stadium
TO DISCOVER THE CEREMONY, WRESTLING AND ARROW SHOOTING
10:00 directly drive to Central Stadium to see the ceremony.
We will watch the Opening Ceremony of the Naadam festival, and it will be opened officially by the President of Mongolia. At the stadium, a vast procession held including hundreds of adults and children dressed in costumes representing ethnic groups. It features a fantastic and colourful show with traditional Mongolian folk music, dancing and theatrical performance.
LET´S DISCOVER THE MONGOLIAN BOW SHOOTING COMPETITION
You will see archery competitions which only rely on his keen eye. Archers aim at a target of first-sized baskets. Ancient people used their version of bows and arrows for hunting. Later in history, these tools started to be used as a weapon during battles. Around the 11th century, men were encouraged to practice archery to be prepared for fighting. Therefore, up to now, archery has been able to be developed as sports. The target is placed on the ground at a distance of 75 meters for men and 60 meters for women. In the past Mongolians used three types of bows; "big size" (165-170cm), "average size" (160cm), "small size' (150cm). Today Mongolian's mostly use the average size bow which requires a force from 22 to 38kg to pull it. Arrows are usually made from pine wood. The arrow to reach a distance of circa 900 meters.
LET´S DISCOVER THE MONGOLIAN WRESTLING COMPETITION
After that, the first round of wrestling competition will start. It has ten shots to get a champion in the evening. According to an ancient rock-carving, dated back to the Bronze Age (7000-11000BC). Portraying a wrestling festivity found in Ulziit soum of Dundgobi province. The wrestling has well been exercised in the territory of Mongolia for over 7000 years. About its vast open area and nomadic culture, Mongolian wrestling has lone uniqueness. For instance, as no weight or field limitation, expanded time and many tricks.
Throughout its history, Mongolian wrestling has been developed in three main streams: Mongolian bull wrestling, Khalkh wrestling, and Inner Mongolian wrestling. They have same in the wrestlers’ costumes, wrestling dances, rituals of judges and attendants and the wrestling field. However, they are contrasted in the rules of winning/losing. Touching ahead, knees or elbows are counted as losing in the Khalkh wrestling. For instance, while reaching back is calculated as missing in the Mongolian bull wrestling.
LET´S DISCOVER THE MONGOLIAN HORSE RACING COMPETITION
12:30 We will drive to Khui Doloon Khudag (the place for racing) the horse racing field. There we will feel the most fantastic feeling with locals.
Mongol horse racing is part of the unique heritage in the world. Mongolian herders train their horses via conventional technique, and it is not easy to win, but everyone feels immense glory. We will enjoy the first race. Mongolians enjoy horse racing throughout the year. However, the most extended and exciting one happens during the Naadam Festival. During the festival, horses are divided into six categories based on their ages. The distance of the race varies in each type:
two-year-old horses race for 10-12 km (6-7,5 miles),
stallions race for 23 km (14,5 miles) on average,
seven-year-old one's race for 25-26 km (15,5-16 miles).
Moreover, though, the distance varies from track to race depending on the surface of the race field in different locations.
Horse riders are usually between the age of 5 and 13. Due to the long distance of the horseracing, jockeys are preferred to be light, yet experienced. During the race, riders not only ride horses. They are responsible for cherishing their horses with a particular song called “Giingo”. This song is raising their spirits.
NAADAM CONCERT ON THE CHINGGIS KHAAN SQUARE
After the horse arrives, we will drive back to the Hotel. After that having some rest to continue to visit the show on the Chinggis Khaan square. There you can enjoy Mongolian traditional music, modern music and dancing, singing.
Information
Our travel route: Ulaanbaatar – Central Stadium – Khui Doloon Khudag – Ulaanbaatar
Travel length: circa 60km
Available: July 11th 2019
Duration of tour: A day tour
Breakfast and traditional Mongolian food
Bottle of water, tea, beverages
Driver and English speaking guide included
Packing list for the tour
This is a suggested packing list, which you should feel free to adjust to suit your needs. Please refer to our travel guide for more detailed information.
Backpack or soft bag
Personal medications
Cotton t-shirts
Sun hat
Sandals
Sunglasses
Sun cream
Money belt/ pouch
Insurance confirmation copy
Emergency contact number
Frequently Asked Questions About the Naadam Festival
1. What is the Naadam Festival?
The Naadam Festival is a traditional festival in Mongolia that celebrates the "Three Manly Skills" of archery, horse racing, and wrestling. It is the largest and most significant celebration in the country.
2. When is the Naadam Festival held?
The main Naadam Festival is held annually from July 11 to 13. Some smaller regional Naadam festivals occur at different times throughout the summer.
3. Where does the Naadam Festival take place?
The main celebration takes place in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, at the National Sports Stadium. However, smaller Naadam festivals are held in various provinces and towns across the country.
4. What are the "Three Manly Skills" featured in the Naadam Festival?
The festival features three traditional Mongolian sports: archery, horse racing, and wrestling. These sports have deep historical and cultural significance in Mongolia.
5. What is Mongolian wrestling?
Mongolian wrestling, known as "Bökh," is a traditional sport where two wrestlers compete to force each other to the ground. The sport has unique rules and attire, including open-chested jackets and briefs.
6. How does the horse racing competition work?
Mongolian horse racing during Naadam is unique as it involves long-distance races over open terrain, typically ranging from 15 to 30 kilometers (9 to 18 miles). The races are divided by the age of the horses, and jockeys are often young children.
7. What is the archery competition like?
In the archery competition, participants use traditional Mongolian composite bows to shoot arrows at cylindrical leather targets called "surs" placed on the ground. Men, women, and children compete in separate categories.
8. Can visitors participate in the Naadam Festival?
While visitors cannot participate in the competitions, they are welcome to watch the events, join the festivities, and enjoy the cultural performances and food.
9. What other activities take place during Naadam?
In addition to the main sports, the festival features cultural performances, traditional music and dance, parades, and various food stalls offering Mongolian cuisine.
10. What should I wear to the Naadam Festival?
Comfortable clothing suitable for outdoor activities is recommended. If you wish to immerse yourself in the culture, wearing a traditional Mongolian deel (a long, belted tunic) is a great option.
11. How can I get tickets for the Naadam Festival?
Tickets for the main events at the National Sports Stadium in Ulaanbaatar can be purchased in advance online or through local travel agencies. It's advisable to buy tickets early, as the event is very popular.
12. What is the historical significance of the Naadam Festival?
The Naadam Festival dates back centuries and has roots in military training and celebratory gatherings. It commemorates Mongolia's independence from China and celebrates the strength and skills of the Mongolian people.
13. What are some tips for attending the Naadam Festival?
Arrive early to secure good seating, especially for popular events like wrestling finals. Stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and be prepared for large crowds. It's also helpful to learn a few Mongolian phrases to enhance your experience.
14. Are there any special foods or drinks associated with Naadam?
Yes, festival-goers can enjoy traditional foods such as khuushuur (fried dumplings), airag (fermented mare's milk), and other Mongolian snacks and beverages available at the festival grounds.
15. How can I learn more about the Naadam Festival and plan my visit?
For detailed information and assistance with planning your visit to the Naadam Festival, check out MongolianTour.Guide. This resource provides comprehensive guides, travel tips, and booking options for the festival.
Enjoy your time at the Naadam Festival and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of Mongolia!
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